anti-inflammatory https://www.fiteyes.com/taxonomy/term/1368/all en Palmitoylethanolamide, a naturally occurring lipid, is an orally effective intestinal anti-inflammatory agent https://www.fiteyes.com/home/research/palmitoylethanolamide-a-naturally-occurring-lipid-is-an-orally-effective-intestinal <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- CALL: theme('field') --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--body--section.tpl.php * field--section.tpl.php * field--body.tpl.php * field--text-with-summary.tpl.php x field--fences-div.tpl.php * field.tpl.php --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'sites/all/modules/fences/templates/field--fences-div.tpl.php' --> <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"> <p>Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA, PeaPure) is an effective natural intestinal anti-inflammatory.</p> <!--break--> <h4>Background and Purpose</h4> <p>Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) acts via several targets, including cannabinoid CB<sub>1</sub> and CB<sub>2</sub> receptors, transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 (TRPV1) ion channels, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR α) and orphan G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GRR55), all involved in the control of intestinal inflammation. Here, we investigated the effect of PEA in a murine model of colitis.</p> <h4>Experimental Approach</h4> <p>Colitis was induced in mice by intracolonic administration of dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (DNBS). Inflammation was assessed by evaluating inflammatory markers/parameters and by histology; intestinal permeability by a fluorescent method; colonic cell proliferation by immunohistochemistry; PEA and endocannabinoid levels by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry; receptor and enzyme mRNA expression by quantitative RT-PCR.</p> <h4>Key Results</h4> <p>DNBS administration caused inflammatory damage, increased colonic levels of PEA and endocannabinoids, down-regulation of mRNA for TRPV1 and GPR55 but no changes in mRNA for CB<sub>1</sub>, CB<sub>2</sub> and PPARα. Exogenous PEA (i.p. and/or p.o., 1 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup>) attenuated inflammation and intestinal permeability, stimulated colonic cell proliferation, and increased colonic TRPV1 and CB<sub>1</sub> receptor expression. The anti-inflammatory effect of PEA was attenuated or abolished by CB<sub>2</sub> receptor, GPR55 or PPARα antagonists and further increased by the TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine.</p> <h4>Conclusions and Implications</h4> <p>PEA improves murine experimental colitis, the effect being mediated by CB<sub>2</sub> receptors, GPR55 and PPARα, and modulated by TRPV1 channels.</p> <p>Source:</p> <p>Borrelli, F., Romano, B., Petrosino, S., Pagano, E., Capasso, R., Coppola, D., Battista, G., Orlando, P., Di Marzo, V. and Izzo, A. A. (2015), Palmitoylethanolamide, a naturally occurring lipid, is an orally effective intestinal anti-inflammatory agent. British Journal of Pharmacology, 172: 142–158. doi: 10.1111/bph.12907<br /><a href="http://www.pubfacts.com/fulltext_frame.php?PMID=25205418&amp;title=Palmitoylethanolamide,%20a%20naturally%20occurring%20lipid,%20is%20an%20orally%20effective%20intestinal%20anti-inflammatory%20agent">http://www.pubfacts.com/fulltext_frame.php?PMID=25205418&amp;title=Palmitoyl...</a>.<br /> </p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'sites/all/modules/fences/templates/field--fences-div.tpl.php' --> <div class="field field-name-taxonomy-vocabulary-2 field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline inline clearfix"><h3 class="field-label">Related Tags: </h3><ul class="links inline"><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-0"><a href="/tags/peapure">PeaPure</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-1"><a href="/tags/pea">PEA</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-2"><a href="/tags/palmitoylethanolamide">Palmitoylethanolamide</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-3"><a href="/tags/anti-inflammatory">anti-inflammatory</a></li></ul></div> Sat, 17 Jan 2015 06:06:12 +0000 dave 1658 at https://www.fiteyes.com